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- Dwight David Eisenhower begins his second term as President of the United States.
- President Eisenhower orders Federal troops to oversee integration of public schools in Little Rock, AR.
- The "European Common Market" is outlined by treaties that establish the European Economic Community.
- Interferon (immunity to infection) is found by Alick Isaacs (England) and Jean Lindemann (Switzerland).
- Chemists Paul Hogan and Robert Banks invent polypropylene for plastic bottles, furniture and car parts.
- Congress passes the Civil Rights Act of 1957, in spite of Strom Thurmond's 24-hour filibuster against it.
- The Mackinac Bridge in Michigan becomes the longest suspension span bridge in the world at 3,800 ft.
- Nearly 400 people are killed when Hurricane Audrey hit the coastal area of Louisiana and north Texas.
- Superconductivity theory is developed by scientists John Bardeen, Leon Cooper and John Scheiffer.
- The Soviet Union launches Sputnik I. At just 22" in diameter, it is the first manmade space satellite.
- The Georgia Senate unanimously approves a bill barring blacks from playing baseball with whites.
- The US Surgeon General Leroy E. Burney reports a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
- US Senator John Fitzgerald Kennedy is awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his book Profiles in Courage.
- Ford Motor introduces the Edsel, so unpopular it is discontinued after three years.
- The Russians launch Sputnik 2 carrying a dog on a one-way journey into space.
- The first US attempt to launch a satellite fails as a Vanguard rocket blows up.
- The US successfully test-fires the first Atlas intercontinental ballistic missile.
- Researchers announce Borazan, a synthetic material harder than diamonds.
- The first full-scale nuclear power plant in the US opens in Shippingport, PA.
- The discovery of element 102 (Nobelium) is announced.
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| Life Style: |
- John Glenn sets a transcontinental speed record flying from CA to NY in 3 hours, 23 minutes, 8 seconds.
- The first battery-powered watch, the Hamilton Electric 500, is introduced by Hamilton Watch Company.
- The "hula hoop" is introduced by Richard Knerr and Arthur "Spud" Melin, founders of Wham-O Company.
- Hubert Givenchy introduces "the sack" in Paris and starts a trend toward straight, waistless dresses.
- Saturday mail delivery is suspended; it is restored after Congress gives the Post Office $41 million.
- The first light pen is used on the "Lincoln TX-0" computer at the MIT Lincoln Laboratory.
- General Electric ushers in a new era by adding a "spray mist" to the steam and dry iron.
- Smith-Corona introduces a portable electric typewriter, but it weighs in at 19 pounds.
- RCA demonstrates the "RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer" at Columbia University.
- The first baggies and sandwich bags on a roll are introduced this year.
- Burger King introduces "The Whopper," which is offered for 37 cents.
- The trolley cars in New York City complete their final run.
- Elvis Presley receives his draft notice for the US Army.
- The first watch battery is provided by Energizer.
- The US Postal Service issues a 4¢ Flag stamp.
- Kansas City, MO, ends the use of streetcars.
- The US Army sells its last homing pigeons.
- Eveready "AA" batteries are introduced.
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| Entertainment: |
- Perry Mason, television series starring Raymond Burr, makes its debut on CBS-TV. It runs for 9 years.
- Dick Clark's American Bandstand moves to ABC-TV; the biggest record promoter since Top 40 radio.
- Charles Van Doren becomes a media sensation by winning $129,000 on the quiz show Twenty One.
- Jack Paar begins hosting the Tonight show on NBC-TV (later it is called the The Jack Paar Show).
- Meredith Wilson’s The Music Man opens at the Majestic Theatre in NYC; it runs for 1,375 shows.
- Walter Cronkite begins hosting The 20th Century; it continues into the early 1970s.
- Elvis Presley makes his seventh and final appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show.
- Dan Blocker makes his acting debut on television in The Restless Gun.
- The last original episode of I Love Lucy is shown on CBS television.
- Leonard Bernstein's musical West Side Story opens on Broadway.
- Leave It To Beaver makes its first television appearance.
- Penny Marshall debuts on the Ted Mack Amateur Hour.
- Howard Cosell makes his first television appearance.
- The Cat in the Hat by Dr. Seuss is published.
- Larry King makes his first radio broadcast.
- Wagon Train starts its television series.
- Leave it to Beaver debuts on CBS-TV.
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Academy Awards: "Oscars"
Best Picture - The Bridge on the River Kwai
Best Actor - Alec Guinness (The Bridge on the River Kwai)
Best Actress - Joanne Woodward (The Three Faces of Eve)
Television Awards "Emmys"
Best Series Actor - Robert Young
Best Series Actress - Loretta Young
Best Mystery Series - Alfred Hitchcock Presents
Best Comedy Series - Sid Caesar's Hour
Best Music Series - Your Hit Parade
Best Dramatic Series - Playhouse 90
Best Western Series - The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp
Recording Awards "Grammys"
[Not awarded until 1958]
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Top Songs of '57:
(I'm) All Shook Up, Elvis Presley
April Love, Pat Boone
Butterfly, Andy Williams
Chances Are, Johnny Mathis
Diana, Paul Anka
Don't Forbid Me, Pat Boone
Honeycomb Jimmie Rodgers
Hound Dog, Elvis Presley
Jailhouse Rock, Elvis Presley
Love Letters In the Sand, Pat Boone
Party Doll, Buddy Knox
Round and Round, Perry Como
Sugartime, The McGuire Sisters
Tammy, Debbie Reynolds
(Let Me Be Your) Teddy Bear, Elvis Presley
That'll Be the Day, Buddy Holly & the Crickets
Wake Up Little Susie, The Everly Brothers
You Send Me, Sam Cooke
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| Sports: |
- The Rose Bowl in Pasadena: Iowa 35, Oregon State 19.
- The NCAA Football Champions (per Press and Coaches polls): Auburn and Ohio State (tie).
- North Carolina defeats Kansas 54-53 (three overtimes) in the NCAA basketball championship game.
- In the NFL, the Eastern Conference winner: Cleveland Browns.
- The NFL Western Conference winner: Detroit Lions
- A J Foyt wins his first automobile race in Kansas City, MO.
- The Wales Trophy winner (professional hockey): Detroit.
- The Hart Trophy (professional hockey MVP) winner: Gordie Howe, Detroit.
- Maurice "The Rocket" Richard (Montreal) became the first NHL player to score 500 goals.
- The NBA scoring champion is Paul Arizin, Philadelphia Warriors, at 25.6 points a game.
- The MVP of the NBA is Bob Cousy, Boston Celtics.
- Mickey Mantle hits his 200th career home run in Yankee Stadium.
- The National League pennant winner: Milwaukee Braves (95-59), managed by Fred Haney.
- The National League home run champion is Hank Aaron, Milwaukee, with 44.
- The National League batting champion, for the 7th time, is Stan Musial, St. Louis (0.351).
- The National League MVP is Hank Aaron, Milwaukee.
- The American League pennant winner: New York Yankees (98-56), managed by Casey Stengel.
- The American League home run champion is Roy Sievers, Washington, with 42.
- The American League batting champion, for the 5th time, is Ted Williams, Boston (0.388).
- The American League MVP is Mickey Mantle, New York Yankees.
- The Brooklyn Dodgers to move to Los Angeles; the New York Giants move to San Francisco.
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Big Wins in '57
MLB World Series - Milwaukee Braves
NBA Champions - Boston Celtics
NHL Stanley Cup - Montreal Canadians
NFL Champions - Detroit Lions
Men's U.S. Golf Open - Dick Mayer
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NCAA Basketball Champions - University of North Carolina
Heisman Trophy - John David Crow, A&M College of Texas
Indianapolis 500 - Sam Hanks at 135.6 mph (average)
Kentucky Derby - Bill Hartack aboard Iron Liege in 2:02.2
Women's U.S. Golf Open - Betsy Rawls
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| Costs of Living: |
National Statistics: |
- Average House - $18,000
- Average New Car - $2,100
- Gallon of Gasoline - 31¢
- Milk (half-gallon) - 52¢
- Bread (one loaf) - 19¢
- Steak (per pound) - 96¢
- One Dozen Eggs - 69¢
- First Class Mail - 3¢
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- U. S. Population - 170,371,000
- Gross Domestic Product - $461.1 billion
- Federal Spending - $76.6 billion
- The Federal Debt - $274.9 billion
- Federal Debt per Capita - $1,610
- Annual Income per Capita - $2,080
- Consumer Price Index - 28.1
- Unemployment - 4.3%
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